Elastic-fluid turbine.



PATENTED AUG. 22,- 1905.

A. PATSGHKE. ELASTIG FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED'PE. 5,1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

NO- 797,706: PATBNTBD AUG. zig'jf A. PATSGHKE.

ELASTIG FLUID TURBINB.

4 APPLICATION FILED Arn.5.19o4. l

2 SHEETS-sm p' is/ff/ .f n, W a "Il: i wgjm UNITED sTATEs PATENT OFFICE.

ELASTlC-FLUID TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 22, 1905.

Application filed April 5, 1904. Serial No. 201,750.

To all whom, it may concern.:

Be it known that LARTHUR PATscHKE, a citi- Zen of the Empire of Germany,residing at 106 Hingbergstrasse, h/lllieim-on-the-Ruhr, Rhenisb Prussia,Empire of Germany, have invented a new and useful ElasticFluid Tur-Vexternal surface with a plurality of preferably radially disposedcavities, which maybe cylindrical or ball-like or of any other shape andcommunicate by narrow holes with one or several annular spaces formed bythe internal surfaces of the drum and of suitably-shaped covers andconnected by channels or ports with the valve-box. The one or severalspiral grooves on the inside of the cylinder communicate by one orseveral channels or ports with the valvebox, and a valve is disposed inthis box and so arranged as to arbitrarily admit the elastic iluid inthe one or other direction into the grooves for driving the drum in thecorrespending direction. If it is desired to better utilize the surfaceof the drum, the latter may be provided also on its end faces and on itsinn ternal surface with a plurality of cavities, in which case the drumis preferably made hollow and the covers are provided on their internaleven faces and on the cylindrical surfaces of their internal extensionswith spiral grooves. The elastic iiuid may be steam, compressed air orgas, or the like.

I will now proceed to describe my invention with reference to theaccompanyingdrawings, in which- Figure l is a vertical longitudinalsection through an elastic-fluid turbine on the line in Fig. 2. Fig. 2is a vertical cross-section through the same on the line fr; :n in Fig.l, a part of the drum, on the right hand, being a section through theline y y in Fig. l. Fig. 3 shows the valve-box in Fig. 2, the valveoccupying its other extreme position. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectionthrough a part of a modiied drum. Fig. 5 is a side view of the same.Fig. 6 is a vertical longitudinal section through the lower half of amodified cylinder.

Similar letters of reference refer to similar parts throughout theseveral views.

The revolving part of the turbine illustrated in Figs. l to 3 is acylindrical drum A, which on its periphery is provided with a pluralityof radially-placed cylindrical cavities c (t. These cavities may beproduced by a drilling-machine and terminate in narrow holes c c,passing through the drum-wall. The drum A is so inclosed by a cylinder Bthat it is just able to rotate freely, a very' narrow clearance beingleft between them, which clearance is shownexaggeratedly in thedrawings. The drum A is shown as made in one piece with a central diskand the shaft D. The two covers C C of the cylinder B extend into thedrum A and leave two annular spaces Z1 b, which by two ports e ecommunicate with the valve-box G. The shaft D is mounted to turn insuitable bearings E E, which are merely indicated in Fig. l, as theirconstruction is immaterial for the present invention. The cavities a ain the plane of the central disk are shown without holes c c; but whereso preferred such holes may be provided, in which case they are placedat an incline to establish the comminication between the cavities t tand the annular spaces L On the inside of the cylinder B twooppositelyinclined spiral grooves vf f/ are provided, which in themiddle of the cylinder at a point f/ in Figs. l and 2 merge in asinglccliannelf,(simi lar to f in Fig. 6,) communicating by a port /twith the valve-box G. From the point f' the arcas of the two spiralgrooves i and f/I decrease toward the two ends of the cylinder B, andthe ends of these two spiral grooves communicate by two ports /t' /rwith the val ve-box G. Apiston-valve f/ is mounted to turn in thevalvebox Gand is so cut out as to form asemi-annular space 'm within thevalve-box. This space m permanently communicates with the inlet Z andmay be put i nto communication with either the one port /t or the twoports t L by turning the valve .f/ with the aid of a hand-lever 71,.rlhe valve y is made hollow and provided with two openings g g', so thatthe two chambers in the valve-box G on both ends of the valve g arethereby put into communication with each other.

The turbine described so far is operated in the following manner:Normally the valve g occupies such a position that it closes both theport It and the two ports /1/ it. For starting the turbine in thedirection of the arrow in Fig. 2 the valve g is by its handlever abrought into the one extreme position shown to open the port /t. Thenthe elastic fluid admitted through the inlet' will pass through the port7L and the two opposite spiral grooves r1 and c and act tangentiallyupon the opposed parts of the walls of the cavities a a, whereby thedrum A is put into rotation. The spent fiuid escapes from the variouscavities a a through the narrow holes o c into the annular spaces b Z1.From the left space t in Fig. l it passes through the left port e, theleft chamber of the valve-box Gr, and the outlet 7n into the atmosphereor a condenser, as the case may be. The spent fluid in the right annularspace b in Fig. l escapes through the right port e, the openings g' g',and the cavity of the valve g into the outlet k. For reversing theturbine the hand-lever n is so turned as to bring the valve g into itsother extreme position, in which it closes the port k and opens the twoports h la. Then the elastic fluid will pass through the latter and thetwo spiral grooves d c" and drive the drum A in the opposite direction.If so desired, two additional ports q q, Fig. l, may be arranged on bothsides of the port z. for admitting a larger quantity of the Huid. Theareas of the two spiral grooves c' and may be made constant throughout,or they may increase when counting from the point f in the middle to thetwo cylinder ends, if so preferred, or the areas of these grooves mayperiodically decrease and increase. rIhe sections of the spiral groovesare shown as rectangular; but they may also have other shapes. Thecylindrical cavities a a may be shaped otherwise. They may taperinwardly, or they. may be ball-like or similar to those between bentladles of ordinary turbine-wheels, (somewhat like Fig. 5.) In order toincrease the number of the cavities or to better utilize the surface ofthe drum, the latter may also be provided with cavities on its two endfaces and on the interior surface. The drum A is made hollow and securedon a disk F by means of bolts r. The disk F is shown as made in onepiece with the shaft D; but it may of course be made separately andkeyed upon the shaft. The cavities a a. taper and communicate with theinterior of the drum A by means of narrow holes c c'. The cylinder B isprovided on its inside with two opposite spiral grooves 2 and 3 in themiddle and with two spiral grooves 0 and 0' near the ends. (See alsoFig. 6.) The two inner spiral grooves l and 3 merge at f3 in the commongroove f 2, which communicates by a port with the valve-box. (Notshown.) The two outer spiral grooves 0 and 0 communicate by two ports pand p with the valve-box. The areas of these four spiral groovesdecrease from the ports to the groove ends. The two covers C C areprovided on their internal even surfaces with two spiral grooves u u,which communicate with the two already-mentioned ports p and p. Thecylindrical surfaces of the inner extensions of the covers C C areprovided with two spiral grooves 'u e', forming the continnations of thespiral grooves u u. The areas of these spiral grooves continuallydecrease from the ports p and p to the groove ends. The two annular'spaces formed by the interior of the drum A', the disk F, and the endfaces of the two covers C C communicate with two longitudinal channelse' e', to which tubes (not shown) are joined for leading off the spentfluid.

The manner in which this turbine is operated is substantially the sameas before. The valve requires to be made so long that it can distributethe elastic fluid to all the ports p, if, and p. Of course the two eX-ternal spiral grooves 0 and o in the cylinder B and the spiral grooves u'v u 'v in the two covers C C and the two ports p and p may be disposedfor driving the drum A in the opposite direction, so that' the turbinecan be reversed at will. In this case the valve requires to be soarranged that in its one extreme position it opens the middle port 11.2and closes the two external ports p and p', while in its other extremeposition the valve closes the middle port 7a2 and opens the two externalports p and p'. The drum may also consist of a series of disks d d',provided with crowns of ladles CZ d, as shown at Figs. 4 and 5, and theseveral disks may be united by means of bolts s s passing through theladles. In this case the spaces between the several disks are put intocommunication with each other and with the spaces at the covers by meansof holes t t.

The turbine may be varied in many respects without deviating from thespirit of my invention.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. In an elasticiuid turbine of the class described, the combinationwith a cylindrical drum having in its periphery a plurality ofradially-placed cavities which terminate in narrow holes through thedrum-wall, of a cylinder inclosing said cylindrical drum and having aplurality of spiral grooves on its inside, a valve-box, a plurality ofports connecting the ends of said plurality of spiral grooves with saidvalve-box, two covers leaving annular spaces at the drum opposite to itsnarrow holes, two ports connecting said two annular spaces with saidvalve-box, and a distributing-valve in said valve-box.

2. In an elastic-fluid turbine of the class described, the combinationwith a rotating cylindrical drum having in its periphery a plurality ofradially-placed cylindrical cavities which terminate in narrow holesthrough the drum-wall, said drum being secured on its shaft by means ofa central disk so that it is open on both ends, of a cylinder inclosingsaid rotating cylindrical drum and having two oppositely-inclined spiralgrooves on its inside, a valve-box, a port in said cylinder andconnecting the internal ends of said two spiral grooves with saidvalve-box, two ports in said cylinder and' Connecting the external endsof said two spiral grooves with said valve-box, a distributing-Valve insaid valveboX and adapted to simultaneously close said port and opensaid two ports or to open said port and close said two ports, means foractuating said distributing-valve, two covers extending into saidrotating cylindrical drum and leaving two annular spaces, and two portsconnecting said two annular spaces with the outlet.

In testimony whereotl I have signed my name to this specication in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

ARTHUR PATSOHKE.

VitIiesses:

WILLIAM EssENwEIN, PETER LIEBER.

